[Epidemiology and regional differences of diabetic retinopathy in Pernambuco, Brazil]. / Epidemiologia e diferenças regionais da retinopatia diabética em Pernambuco, Brasil.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among patients cared for in a screening program in Pernambuco, Brazil, comparing regional differences between urban and rural zones. METHODS: The charts of 2,223 diabetic patients (1,568 females and 655 males; mean age 59.3 +/- 12.0 years; mean duration of diabetes 8.1 +/- 6.3 years) that took part in a screening program for diabetic retinopathy at Altino Ventura Foundation from June 2004 to June 2005 were reviewed for the presence of the disease. Patients were divided into two groups: group I, patients living in Recife and the metropolitan area; group II, patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state. RESULTS: In group I, 477 (24.2%) patients had diabetic retinophathy, while in group II, 89 (39.4%) patients (p<0.0001). The frequency of proliferative diabetic retinophathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment was higher in group II patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state have a higher incidence of diabetic retinophathy and the advanced forms than patients living in Recife and the metropolitan area when examined in a screening program for diabetic retinopathy at the Altino Ventura Foundation. Telemedicine and descentralization actions are recommended for improvement of screening quality in patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state.

Epidemiologia e diferenças regionais da retinopatia diabética em Pernambuco, Brasil / Epidemiology and regional differences of diabetic retinopathy in Pernambuco, Brazil

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os dados de freqüência e estadiamento da retinopatia diabética em Pernambuco, Brasil, comparando a região metropolitana com cidades do interior do estado. MÉTODOS: Os prontuários de 2.223 pacientes diabéticos (1.568 mulheres e 655 homens; idade média de 58,4 ± 12,0 anos; duração média do diabetes de 8,1 ± 6,3 anos), que fizeram parte de um programa de triagem para retinopatia diabética na Fundação Altino Ventura entre os meses de junho de 2004 e junho de 2005, foram revistos quanto à presença de retinopatia. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos quanto à origem: grupo I, pacientes residentes em Recife e região metropolitana; grupo II, pacientes residentes no interior do estado de Pernambuco. RESULTADOS: No grupo I, 477 (24,2 por cento) pacientes apresentavam retinopatia diabética ao passo que no grupo II, 89 (39,4 por cento) pacientes (p<0,0001). A freqüência de retinopatia diabética proliferativa, edema macular, hemorragia vítrea e descolamento tracional de retina foi maior entre os pacientes do grupo II com significância estatística (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes oriundos do interior do estado de Pernambuco apresentam maior prevalência de retinopatia diabética bem como de formas avançadas da doença em relação aos pacientes da região metropolitana quando atendidos na Campanha de Diabetes. Medidas de implantação de telemedicina ou descentralização das unidades são sugeridas para melhorar a qualidade da triagem de diabéticos residentes no interior do estado.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among patients cared for in a screening program in Pernambuco, Brazil, comparing regional differences between urban and rural zones. METHODS: The charts of 2,223 diabetic patients (1,568 females and 655 males; mean age 59.3 ± 12.0 years; mean duration of diabetes 8.1 ± 6.3 years) that took part in a screening program for diabetic retinopathy at Altino Ventura Foundation from June 2004 to June 2005 were reviewed for the presence of the disease. Patients were divided into two groups: group I, patients living in Recife and the metropolitan area; group II, patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state. RESULTS: In group I, 477 (24.2 percent) patients had diabetic retinophathy, while in group II, 89 (39.4 percent) patients (p<0.0001). The frequency of proliferative diabetic retinophathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment was higher in group II patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state have a higher incidence of diabetic retinophathy and the advanced forms than patients living in Recife and the metropolitan area when examined in a screening program for diabetic retinopathy at the Altino Ventura Foundation. Telemedicine and descentralization actions are recommended for improvement of screening quality in patients living in the interior of Pernambuco state.

Potencial visual evocado em portadores de hanseníase / Visual evoked potential in leprosy patients

OBJETIVO: Investigar as possíveis alterações no potencial visual evocado em portadores de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados exames de potencial visual evocado em 13 portadores de hanseníase, cinco da forma multibacilar e oito da paucibacilar, no momento do diagnóstico da doença. O grupo controle foi formado por 15 indivíduos saudáveis, sem hanseníase. RESULTADOS: Os valores das latências variaram de 102,0 a 120,5 ms, com média 110,1±5,7 ms. Na forma multibacilar, os valores variaram de 109,0 a 120,0 ms, média 111,1±5,4 ms. Na paucibacilar, de 102,0 a 120,5 ms, com média de 109,5±6,1 ms. Os valores das latências foram significantemente maiores nos pacientes com hanseníase (p<0,0001), mesmo se forem comparadas, separadamente, as formas multibacilar e paucibacilar. Não houve, porém, diferença significante quando se compararam os grupos pauci e multibacilar. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores das latências foram significantemente maiores nos pacientes com hanseníase, sendo recomendável a realização de PVE nesses pacientes, como forma de investigar precocemente suas complicações, bem como prevenir seus danos.

PURPOSE: To verify the possible alterations in visual evoked potential of leprosy patients. METHODS: Visual evoked potential examinations were performed in 13 Hansen disease patients, 5 of them with the multibacillary form and 8 with the paucibacillary. This was done at the moment of the diagnosis. The control group enrolled 15 health individuals, without Hansen disease. RESULTS: The measurement result varied from 102.0 to 120.5 ms, with a mean of 110.1±5.7 ms. In the multibacillary form, the values varied from 109.0 to 120.0 ms, mean 111.1±5.4. In the paucibacillary, the values varied from 102.0 to 120.5 ms, with a mean of 109.5±6.1 ms. The latency values were significantly greater in Hansen disease patients (p<0.0001), even if multibacillary and paucibacillary forms were compared separately. However, there was no significant difference when the pauci- and multibacillary groups were compared. CONCLUSION: The latency values were significantly greater in leprosy patients. A recommendation can be made for these patients, which is to be submitted to early visual evoked potential as a rule in order to investigate ocular complications, as well as to prevent damages.